Parathyroidectomy surgery is performed to remove one or more parathyroid glands. The parathyroid glands are four rice-shaped glands located behind the thyroid gland in the neck. The parathyroid glands make parathyroid hormone (PTH), which regulates the level of calcium in the body. In patients with hyperparathyroidism, one or more of the parathyroid glands become enlarged and secrete parathyroid hormone, increasing the level of calcium in the blood. increases. Surgery to remove the enlarged gland is the only definitive treatment and is cured in 94 percent of cases. According to a study, using intraoperative parathyroid hormone measurement, invasive parathyroidectomy with a 2-3 cm incision is possible in most cases. Removal of the parathyroid gland refers to a type of surgery performed to remove these glands. This is also known as a parathyroidectomy. This surgery may be used if you have too much calcium in your blood. This is a condition known as hypercalcemia.
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What is the need to remove the parathyroid gland?
Hypercalcemia occurs when the level of calcium in the blood is abnormally high. The most common cause of hypercalcemia is an overproduction of PTH in one or more parathyroid glands. This is a form of hyperparathyroidism called primary hyperparathyroidism. Primary hyperparathyroidism is twice as common in women as in men. Most people who get treatment for primary hyperthyroidism are over the age of 45. You may also learn when the parathyroid gland may need to be removed.
Tumors called adenomas, which are often mild and rarely turn into cancer.
Cancerous tumors on or near the glands.
Parathyroid hyperplasia, a condition in which the surrounding parathyroid glands are enlarged.
Blood levels of calcium may increase even if only one gland is affected. Only one parathyroid gland is involved in about 80 to 85 percent of cases.
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Type of surgery
Going by tradition, your surgeon will examine which of the four glands are diseased and which should be removed. This is called the bilateral neck. Your surgeon makes an incision in the middle of your lower neck. Sometimes, the surgeon will remove both glands on the same side. There are a few techniques used during this type of surgery that may require smaller incisions, such as-
Radio-guided parathyroidectomy
In a radio-guided parathyroidectomy, your surgeon uses radioactive material that all four parathyroid glands will absorb. A specific test is done to orient the source of radiation from each gland and locate the parathyroid glands. If one or two are diseased on the same side, your surgeon will only need to make a small incision to remove the diseased gland.
Video-assisted parathyroidectomy
In video-assisted parathyroidectomy, your surgeon uses a small camera on an endoscope. In this, your surgeon makes two or three small incisions for the endoscope and one incision in the sides of the neck and over the breast. It reduces visible marks.
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How is Parathyroidectomy Surgery Performed?
You are given general anesthesia for this surgery. Usually, the parathyroid glands are removed using a 2- to 4-inch (5- to 10-cm) surgical cut on your neck. Usually, the cut in surgery is in the center of your neck below your Adam's apple. Your surgeon examines all four of your parathyroid glands and removes any diseased ones. During surgery, you will be given a special blood test. This shows that all your diseased glands have been removed. In more severe cases, all four of these glands need to be removed, then part of one is implanted in the forearm. Or, it is implanted in the muscles in the front of your neck, next to the thyroid gland. It helps in maintaining the calcium level of your body at a healthy level. Let us tell you that the specific type of surgery to be done depends on where the diseased parathyroid glands are located.
After the process
You may return home or spend the night in the hospital on the same day of surgery. There may usually be slight pain after surgery, such as a sore throat. Most people can return to their normal lives within a week or two, but this can vary from person to person. As a precaution, your blood calcium and PTH levels will be monitored for at least six months after surgery.
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Symptoms of Parathyroidectomy Hypercalcemia
These symptoms may appear in the early stages of parathyroid hypercalcemia. If you are suffering from this then you will soon realize these things.
- Tiredness
- depression
- muscle pain
- loss of appetite
- Getting nausea
- Vomiting
- excessive thirst
- frequent urination
- stomach ache
- Constipation
- muscle weakness
- Confusion
- stone
Parathyroidectomy may only require care for people with no symptoms. Mild cases can be managed medically. However, if the hypercalcemia is caused by primary hyperparathyroidism, the only surgery that will be done is to remove the affected parathyroid gland.
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The most serious consequences of hypercalcemia areas follows.
- Kidney failure
- Hypertension
- Arrhythmia
- Enlarged heart
Recovery
Most patients with parathyroidectomy recover from eating, drinking, and walking around the night of their surgery. Typically, there isn't much pain involved with thyroid and parathyroid surgery. Because of this, a little medicine will be required so that you can use the medicine when needed. Most patients only need acetaminophen for discomfort. You can stay in the hospital overnight to avoid any risk and you can go home the morning after surgery.
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